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BME280 multi-purpose sensor
This multi-purpose sensor is used to measure temperature, relative humidity and barometric pressure. It operates as an I2C slave device.
The actual sensor is tiny but a board is available from China with the I2C connections and power on a standard 0.1 inch header which makes it easily accessible.
Raspberry Pi
The device uses I2C to communicate with a host master and with the Pi, the topmost pins on the GPIO header are utilised to perform this.
+---P1---+ 3V3 01 . SDA 03 . SCL 05 . . . GND 09 . . . / / . . +--------+ Relevant I2C pins shown, others omitted.
With the miniature board (purple device in photo), only four wires are required to hook up the BME280 to the Pi.