Optiboot is a stk500v1 compatible boot loader for AVR, generally used in Arduino boards.

hg clone https://code.google.com/p/optiboot/
cd optiboot/optiboot/bootloaders/optiboot/
./makeall

Here we program an ATMEGA328P using a Pony serial interface.

avrdude -P /dev/ttyS0 -c ponyser -p ATMEGA328P -e -u -U lock:w:0x3F:m -U efuse:w:0x05:m -U hfuse:w:0xDE:m -U lfuse:w:0xFF:m -U flash:w:optiboot_atmega328.hex -U lock:w:0x2F:m

We specify the USBasp like this.

avrdude -c usbasp -p ATMEGA328P -e -u -U lock:w:0x3F:m -U efuse:w:0x05:m -U hfuse:w:0xDE:m -U lfuse:w:0xFF:m -U flash:w:optiboot_atmega328.hex -U lock:w:0x2F:m